Schumacher, Paparazzi, Stakhanov and other people whose names became a household name

There are people who leave their mark in history with great deeds and accomplishments, there are those who write great books or creating a brilliant Suite. And there are people whose proper names become common nouns. It seems to us, is the highest degree of recognition and influence future generations.

Some names become generic concepts before our very eyes (think Michael Schumacher), but many are already so rooted in the speech that we do not even know really existed once the eponyms — the so-called people-prototypes.

Charles Boycott worked as a Manager at Lord ERN — Irish landowner. In 1880, in the fight for fair rent, the right to remain on earth and the right of free sale and purchase of land, the Land League of Ireland withdrew local workers required to harvest at the estate of Lord erne.

Famous German racer of "Formula-1". Seven-time world champion, two-time world Vice-champion and three times bronze medalist. Thanks to its numerous victories, last name, Schumacher became a household name, so talking about the people who like speed and fast drive.

The king of the Jews, who ruled for about 35 years. It was described as "a madman who murdered his family and the many rabbis," "the evil genius of the Judean nation", "ready for any crime for the sake of his unlimited ambition," and "the greatest Builder in Jewish history". Today Herod called cruel men, tormentor.

German-Austrian writer, origin Rusin, the son of the police Galician-President. Since childhood Leopold grew weak and fragile child at an early age he was a witness of the atrocities that accompanied the revolution in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (first, 1846, 1848 then).

Another test, the hardships of the young man's psyche, was the first love of Anne of Commits, which was significantly older than him. Their sexual relationship was wearing a sadomasochistic nature. A historian by education, he previously left the University job and it has quickly become one of the most popular writers of Austria, was also edited a number of magazines. In 1886, the psychiatrist and neurologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing published a new concept in psychiatry and sexologist associated with the work of Leopold Sacher-Masoch to masochism.

A prominent statesman of Ancient Rome. During the civil war, the Patron sided August and often performed his important assignment. After the war he lived in Rome and in the absence of Octavian Augustus was in charge of public Affairs, without occupying any official capacity.

The best poets of the time were found in the Patron attentive and caring patron and protector; his merits in front of them are at the same time and services to the Roman (Latin) poetry. Fan of the foundations of epicurean philosophy, Philanthropist indulged in pleasures to such an extent, what even the Romans of that time seemed excessive. He died, mourned by hot friends and all the people. Bequeathed all his possessions to the August.

Theoretical physicist, one of the founders of modern theoretical physics, Nobel prize in physics in 1921, social activist and humanist. Einstein is the author of over 300 scientific papers in physics, as well as about 150 books and articles in the field of history and philosophy of science, journalism and others, He has developed several significant physical theories that predicted gravitational waves and "quantum teleportation", predicted and measured gyromagnetic effect Einstein — de Haase. For many the name Einstein has become synonymous with high-mind and intellect.

Famous Italian photographer and reporter. Was born in 1925 in one of the Roman suburbs. In 1944, he became a photographer, shooting in Rome streets of American soldiers and tourists. In 1951 he was accepted into the Agency Vedo owned by Adolfo Pastoral, one of the fathers of Italian photojournalism, from whom he learned all the secrets of the photographer. In 1955, together with Sergio Spinelli founded the Roma Press Agency Photo. Soon the famous Italian Director Federico Fellini made a film "Sweet life", one of the characters which was a paparazzi photographer. The prototype of this character was Tazio Secchiaroli. Since then the word "paparazzi" is called all the annoying photographers.

French writer (Marquis — part of the literary pseudonym). Inherent connection from violence in debauchery was the name of sadism. In 1768, was brought to trial and imprisoned for violence against women, but at the behest of king Louis XV, the proceedings were discontinued. In 1772 Parliament sentenced to death "for sodomy and the poisoning". Fled, was arrested, escaped again, and again captured; the death sentence was commuted to imprisonment.

In 1784, he was transferred to the Bastille, where he began to write his pornographic novels and drama. Finding signs of insanity, he was transferred to Charenton, but in 1790 he received the freedom. In 1791, was born the most famous of his novels — Justine ou Les malheurs de la vertu ("Justine, or the Misfortunes of virtue") in 1797 published a second edition, with even more disgusting episodes; it was the novel Juliette ("Juliet") (1798). In 1801, the publication of these novels was confiscated, and de Sade was imprisoned. Died insane.

The Comptroller-General of Finance in France under Louis XV. Born in Limoges. Traveling in Europe, he lived in London, where he studied practical economy and financial system of great Britain. Upon returning to Paris, he translated several scientific works on the economy that made him famous.

Miner, the founder of the Stakhanov movement, the Hero of Socialist Labor. During the Soviet Union Stakhanovite called workers, which in the socialist competition achieved higher productivity, better use of technology and exceeded their production plans by overcoming the old technical standards and the existing design capacity. Today, the word "Stakhanovite" became the synonym of a hard worker.

The innkeeper near London in the late eighteenth century, Irish descent. He was a brawler, so annoyed guests and neighbors that soon became notorious for its disgusting, obnoxious behavior. About it reported earlier in the reports of the police of London, and his name became a household word. Today, a bully call any violators of public order, which is clearly and blatantly violates the social norms of behavior and generally expresses disrespect for society.

American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and the first official dollar billionaire in the history of mankind. In 1870, Rockefeller with several partners founded the company standard Oil. And since the demand for gasoline and kerosene at that time rose sharply, he quickly became the richest man in the world.

At the time of his death in 1937, the personal status Rockefeller was $ 1.4 billion, which was equal to 1.54 per cent of the total GDP of the United States. Rockefeller family name throughout the world has become synonymous with wealth and luxury.

The legendary soldier patriot of Rochefort, the hero of several popular in the 1830s, French musical comedies, including "Soldier-farmers" by Eugene scribe and "the Tricolor cockade" brothers Koniar. Nicolas Chauvin — a simple country boy, 18 years designed for war and to serve the Motherland. He was wounded 17 times (and always in the chest instead of the back). For a soldier's courage received a combat award and a pension of 200 francs.

These three names figuratively strongly associated with debauchery, seduction and love adventures. Remarkably, of these three only was a real Casanova. The other two literary characters.

In Christianity, one of the twelve disciples of Jesus Christ. According to the gospel of John, was the Treasurer of their community: he was entrusted to the box, which fell offerings. At the last supper Jesus gave him, dipping the piece of bread, and "said unto him, what thou doest, do quickly". Then Judas went out and betrayed him by giving the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver. Since then, the name Judas is synonymous with betrayal.

Russian national hero, a farmer from the village of Domnino, famous for the salvation of Mikhail Romanov from the Polish-Lithuanian squad during the Russo-Polish war. Under the Royal Charter, in late winter of 1613 already betrothed Zemsky Sobor Tsar Mikhail Romanov and his mother, the nun Martha lived in their ancestral lands in Kostroma, in the village of Domnino. Knowing this, the Polish-Lithuanian squad tried to find the way to the village to capture young Romanova.

For failing to specify the correct path Susanin was subjected to cruel torture, but was not given the place of refuge of the king and was hacked with poles "in pieces" on Ispanskom swamp or in the Isupov. Today the surname Ponce de león is used as a household name for those who have gone astray, was lost, or goes the wrong way it is sure that is correct.

French film and theater actor, film Director, screenwriter and producer. Movie star and sex symbol of the 1960s-1980s years. For their unprecedented success in women, the name of Alain Delon became a household word, so talking about all the beautiful men.

Real name Agnes Gonge of Boagiu Catholic nun, founder of the women's religious congregations "Sisters missionaries of love", dedicated to the service of the poor and the sick. The winner of the Nobel peace prize in 1979. In 2003, ranked as the Catholic Church beatified, and on 4 September 2016 — canonized (canonized). Today, for many the name of Mother Teresa is a synonym of virtue, help and participation.