How Stanley Kubrick's "a Clockwork orange" was filmed

Clockwork orange — cult movie-dystopia Director Stanley Kubrick based on the novel by English writer Anthony Burgess and released in 1971.

The plot revolves around the fate of a teenager Alexander DeLarge dealing with his gang robberies, looting and rape of citizens futuristic Britain. One day, another act of "ultramarine", which was conceived as a robbery of a country house, ends up killing his mistress. Alex is caught in the act, and the court shall render judgment against him in fourteen years. Once in prison, the young man willingly becomes the object of the experiment to suppress the urge to violence. Under treatment the main character had the opportunity to eat well, to doses previously untested drug, and never to enjoy the cinematic acts of "ultramarine" to the accompaniment of the majestic music of Ludwig van Beethoven. Therapy has led to the fact that Alex was constantly vomiting from his three favorite things: sex, violence, and the 9th Symphony of Beethoven. When released, the DeLarge ceases to have the skills of self-defense and the ability to counter external aggression on the part of members of the "normal" society.

The narrative throughout the tape is on behalf of the protagonist, who speaks "nadsat" (eng. Nadsat) — teenage slang created by the author of the novel by Anthony Burgess, a mixture of English and Russian words, Gypsy speeches and British slang.

In 1963, American writer Terry southern, with whom Kubrick had worked together on the script for "Doctor Strangelove", read "a Clockwork orange". Knizhka made Terry's such a deep impression that he gave it to the Forecastle.

When Kubrick first read the novel, he pushed linguistic sophistication Burgess. "First, the novel is not at all attracted Stanley, recalls Terry. He said: "Such language no one understands". So here it was. We discussed this all day." It seemed that the Director forgot about it, but at the end of 1969 Kubrick called Sauterne — to the surprise and asked, "Remember the book by Anthony Burgess that you showed me?"

Generally, after the filming of "a Space Odyssey" directed planned to do a film about the life of Napoleon under the name "Waterloo". He researched this topic and even managed to negotiate with the Yugoslav army on the set of extras. But at the last moment something did not grow together with denzhatami. It was then that Stanley and I started thinking about "a Clockwork orange".

The belief that "drugs that stimulate thinking and reflection, will be part of the human future", led to its decision to withdraw kintso on the novel.

Also, Kubrick was influenced by the fact that in 1969-1970 in Hollywood has been a marked shift towards "young cinema". Blatant nudity, blasphemy, blasphemy, political protest — the main directions of the new American cinema. The power of the "League of morality" that brought the Director kuchu problems while working on the "Lolita" is over. A new network of independent art cinema, who could afford to show on their screens as they please. Played in the "Orange" Adrienne Corrie believes that Kubrick wanted to make the antithesis of the "Space Odyssey": "So we could be and so we will."

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer no longer subsidized, and Stanley needed dengi for "a Clockwork orange". He tried to start cooperation with the newly created Francis Ford Coppola's American Zoetrope — a mini Studio based in San Francisco. Coppola brought in the greatest cinematic talents to do kintso no interference from the leadership characteristic of zdorovennih studios. Zoetrope was created in 1969, Kubrick, along with other Directors peretiral with Coppola, but the collaboration never happened.

In the end, managed to agree with the old droogami of the Seven Arts, which helped to remove the "lolita". In July 1967, the company merged with Warner Bros. With WB Kubrick signed a contract with three of the film.

By the time bumazhki was signed, the Director has took the role of Alex Malcolm McDowell. For the first time the Stanley kept in the tape Lindsay Anderson's "If..." (1968). The actor playing the student of a private Charter school, rebelled against starrych snobbish traditions, rigid system of teaching and corporal punishment. Along with devotchkoi of the working environment teenager climbs on the roof and decimated by machine gun fire to blame for their misfortunes. "If..." is the first great movie, which was shown undisguised nakedness, and actor confidently coped with these episodes. Among other things, he played the sex scenes in "Orange".

The McDowell was almost twenty-eight years, more than double the hero of Burgess's novel, but it didn't matter. "If Malcolm busy, said she, I probably won't make this movie". Luckily, he was free.

The film's budget was very limited ($2.2 million), so Kubrick could not pay a lot for the script. Terry southern (pictured) offered him your written together with Michael Cooper, but in response received only scant pismetso from someone from the staff Director, "Mr. Kubrick decided to try to write a script myself."

Because of the modest Finance all shooting was performed under natural lighting and in "living scenery." In the photo — the one beating bomzha under the bridge.

Was created just four essential interior (bar Korova — photo, prison, in the house of the writer and hallway of Alex's apartment) — this cabin rented a small factory. Studio filming was not at all.

In the novel, Burgess is no exact description of the interior of the bar, but the young Kubrick and John berry (film artist) introduced him as the Church sexual stimulation of the consumer. Shortly before the London pop artist Allen Jones created a furor for its furniture made of female mannequins in full size slave positions. Originally, Kubrick asked Jones for permission to use his sculptures in "a Clockwork orange". The artist asked: "how much?" The Director answered evasively: "When you see them in my movie, you'll be rich". Jones refused.

Ultimately, John berry took photos of Nude dancers, who stood, arching his back a bridge in position, reverse position of the dummy table Jones. Berry also took the dancer on the lap, sticking groody. These photos have made from fiberglass figures in natural size; mannequins pose in "the bridge" was used as tables, and kneeling portrayed machines spill "milk-plus", with moloko flowed from soskov. Real milk, which, at the insistence of Kubrick filled these figures folded from the heat of the spotlights, and the mannequins had every hour to empty, wash and refill.

Dochurka Director Vivian helped to cut out the letters you see on the walls of the kabaka, made of Styrofoam.

After the release of the tape of the most iconic elements of steel appearance Alex (pale litso, long doll fake eyelashes on one glazze) and uniforms of the members shaiki. They are dressed in the same white pants with sewn in step sandboxes, shirts and heavy "parachutists" boty. Differences in clothing minimal: use either a belt or suspenders on the head instead of the bowler — top hat or beret.

McDowell demonstrates shmotki from the movie directly from Kubrick in the garden.

Pop art, in particular, pop erotica, served as the perfect visual backdrop for "a Clockwork orange". "Erotic scenery of the film gave the impression that action is transferred in the near future, explained Kubrick. — It is assumed that erotic art will eventually become a mass, and today you buy at Woolworth's African landscapes, will ever be able to buy erotic painting".

Glossy playful erotic movie, in particular painting and the gigantic dick in the house ladies kotyarami (pictured), porcelain group — four of Christ, and Nude dancing like a corps de ballet — in the room Alex introduces viewers into the world of a Clockwork orange.

Page miloty. Kubrick with one of purring the heroes of living with a cat lady.

Many of the items pop art look ironic and comical. It is worth noting that not far behind them and the images of women. Just look at starryu lady and the position in which it is presented to us.

And the time of her death altogether absurd. To be murdered with a huge phallus, a work of contemporary art adorning the mantelpiece. What could be gloopee?

God, Yes its not even sorry! On a photo the moment of the fatal shot.

Kubrick, McDowell and the murder weapon.

The work of Dutch sculptor and Illustrator Hermann Makkinga called Rocking Machine.

Another example of art. Paradnaya in the house Alex.

Note cufflinks main character.

As you know, an important place in the films of Kubrick is sound. Selfless love Alex to Beethoven identified musical character of a Clockwork orange. To add to the classical melodies in the tape without abandoning elements of pop art, Stanley attracted to the work of pop composer Walter Carlos (later — after the change of sex — Wendy Carlos). He directed purchased a new electronic version of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, the Overture to "William Tell" by Rossini and "Music on the death of Queen Mary" by Purcell. Kubrick added a few more tunes that I overheard on the radio performed by a little-known trio of Sunforest, musicians in the new age style.

Kubrick also asked the group to Pink Floyd to sell the rights to their song Atom Heart Mother. But because he wanted to perpetual license and unlimited possibilities to change the musical material, the group refused. In the scene with the record store over the counter hangs a cover album of the same name.

Four days were spent rehearsing the scene of the rape of the wife of the writer, but couldn't manage to find what you need. The situation was saved by Malcolm, who proposed to sing a whole only pesenku, which he knew (Singin’ in the Rain), dancing a little while. Kubrick found that very amusing. When all the footage was shot, he bought the rights to the song in 10 thousand dollars.

Works of art can be attributed to the car, which buddies are riding on the roads at night.

Unique unit futuristic view in the film is called Durango 95 in the world — the M‑505 Adams Brothers Probe 16. It was created by former designers Marcos, brothers Dennis and Peter Adams in 1969. Sign in tachku was carried out through the sliding glass roof, the body was made of fiberglass. In all there were three copies.

Later, the art critic of Time magazine Robert Hughes admiringly said: "No film in the last decade (and perhaps, in the history of cinema) does not contain such elegant and frightening prophecies about the future role of cultural objects — painting, architecture, sculpture, music — in our society..."

As for film-making process, in spite of perfectionism Kubrick, the film was released exactly one year after the start of filming. This speed record for the Director.

The work was conducted in a very friendly atmosphere.

Look at these happy litsa.

Actress Adrienne curry (wife of the writer Alexander) said before the shooting of the rape scene: "Now you all will see that I am a natural redhead". On fotke — the process of belief began.

The process continues.

Successfully ends.

Not much fun at that moment was the only actor Patrick Magee (Frank Alexander). By the way, pay attention to the robe, in which wearing a writer. When Alex gets this domishko next time (after treatment and beatings milisentami), he will be clothed in this garment. Now he's the victim.

To therapy "by the method of Louis" character McDowell comes from public turyagi 84‑F. On photos build zekov before the arrival of the Minister.

Inmate number 6655321, the senior officer of Barnes and Stanley Kubrick.

Barnes role was played by Michael Bates.

For the treatment Alex was sent to the building next door under the full supervision of doctors.

Therapy was the adoption of "vitamins" and the movie with elements of violence.

Glazza Alex during psychological treatment forcibly kept open with the help of special locks. They passed through through veko — to make it it was possible only under anesthesia.

In these scenes was attended by the doctor, who was standing next to the actor and watched, his eyes were not dry.

McDowell subsequently complained Kirk Douglas: "this son of a bitch! I scratched the cornea of the left eye. His eyes ached, I was blind."

On skooliezh actor Kubrick replied only: "we're Shooting. Is fine and the other?"

Malcolm happened to other damage. In one of the scenes where Alex intolerance to violence, people attacker McDowell, him too much throbbed and hurt his ribs. Also MacDowell I almost choked when he dipped bashkoi in water for a few minutes refused breathing apparatus. The actor will forever remember the taste of meat extract, which is tinted the water. Episodes in bolnichke he had to be a little close.

But that's not all zlodeyaniya. Kubrick, knowing that McDowell was afraid of reptiles, one morning announced: "Malc, I got you snake." And showed Python, which Alex had kept in the drawer and take it with him to bed.

The Minister of internal Affairs is visiting his old drooga.

As compensation, Alex was offered a good paying and cushy rabotenka. He only needed to show the media the full understanding with the Minister of Frederick. Pictured is the moment when satisfied droogi posing for the press.

Interesting fact: in between filming, Kubrick and Malcolm rezalis table tennis, directed mostly lost. Later, McDowell found that Stanley deducted all the time spent on a game of his fee. They also played chess, where Stanley was not equal, this watch is counted as the McDowell workers.

When working Kubrick has used a wide angle lens and used their "secret techniques" during installation. As a Director later recalled, so he tried to find the "cinequanon literary language, Burgess and show very subjective view Alex on things."

Also it was here that he was one of the first to use radio microphones (require, after dubbing himself) and Dolby effect when mounting noise.

As for Anthony Burgess (pictured), author of the novel, his first impression from watching the film, arranged for him by Kubrick was horrible. The writer's wife and his litigant wanted to leave after the first ten minutes, but Burgess decided that it would look defiantly. As he spoke, he didn't want to give in the forest.

The English edition of the book ends with the fact that Alex returns to the street with a new gang, now he can give himself free rein, but discovers that it has lost the destruction of thirst. He sentimental applies to children and the elderly and decides it's time to start a family and settle down.

Eric Swenson, editor Burgess, American publisher U. U. Norton, proposed to delete the last Chapter. The writer said that it is a good idea. He explained that he had written a happy ending at the request of his London publisher, but without pleasure.

Kubrick said he learned about the existence of optimistic finals only four months after beginning work on the picture. He and Swanson felt that the ending "falls completely by the tone of the whole book", and forgot about it. The result is that the tape ends with the approval of the vicious life of Alex and this had far-reaching consequences.

Premiere of "a Clockwork orange" was held on 19 December 1971. For distribution in the United States to move from the category movies X more accessible to the audience, Kubrick cut some episodes and replaced two scenes. As a result of "a Clockwork orange" was nominated for "Oscar" in four categories, including "Best film" and "Best Director" (which happens rarely with pictures of this category). Any statues tape because of its bad reputation is not received, losing to "the French man".

After the premiere of more than a year, "Orange" still commented and discussed on both sides of the Atlantic. Newspapers widely published reports about the crimes that was supposed to have been committed under its influence. British newspaper and the courts spoke of "a Clockwork orange" as the symbol of youth violence, although evidence that the film was inspired teenagers to the crime, was unconvincing.

Kubrick initially defended their offspring and the right to freedom of speech. However, after accusations of promoting violence in the media after he began to receive anonymous death threats, the opinion of the Director has changed dramatically. In early 1974, Warner Bros. and Kubrick decided to remove the picture from the rental in the UK, without declaring it publicly. The film has already passed in most cinemas and had to slowly disappear from view. The company and Kubrick had hoped that it and the controversy they caused.

Also, the Kubrick assistant Leon Vitali destroyed all the footage that was not included in the film. The photo is one of the deleted scenes.

Until his death in March 1999, the Director was trying to prevent all the demonstrations of the "Orange" in British independent cinema and documentaries about it on television.